1. What
is a protocol?
Rules
about the method of communication between devices.
2. The following protocols are used for:
TCP/IP: The transmission control protocol or Internet protocol
is the method or protocol by which data is sent from one computer to another on
the Internet. Each computer (known as a host) on the Internet has at least one
IP address that uniquely identifies it from all other computers on the
Internet. It is a connectionless protocol, which means that there is no
continuing connection between the end points that are communicating.
HTTP: Hypertect
Transfer Protocol is the set of rules for transferring files (text, graphic
images, sound, video, and other multimedia files) on the internet. HTTP concepts
include the idea that files can contain references to other files.
SMTP: It is a TCP/IP protocol used in sending and receving mail. However
it is limited in its ability to queue messages at the receiving end it is
uaually combined with other protocols.
FTP: FTP is the acronym for File Transfer Protocol. As the name
suggests, FTP is used to transfer files between computers on a network.
HTML: HTML is a computer language devised to allow website creation.
These websites can then be viewed by anyone else connected to the Internet.
XML: Extensible Markup Language which allows users to define their own
customized markup languages especially in order to display documents on the
World Wide Web.
3. What does GUI stand for? Stands for "Graphical User Interface". It
refers to the graphical interface of a computer that allows users to click and
drag objects with a mouse instead of entering text at a command line. The
graphical user interface was first introduced to the public by Apple with the
Macintosh in 1984. However, the idea was actually taken from an earlier user
interface developed by Xerox. Early dynamic information devices such as radar
displays, where input devices were used for direct control of computer-created
data, set the basis for later improvements of graphical interfaces.
4. There are two methods of data
transmission – serial and parallel. Explain the difference between them. Serial transmits data one bit at
a time as it only is connected by one wire whereas parallel transmits anything
up to a byte at a time if connected by 8 wires.
5. Define the term “URL”. Explain
the components that make up the url. Stands for "Uniform Resource Locator". A
URL is the address of a specific Web site or file on the Internet. A URL is
used when a Web client makes a request to a server for a resource. A URL for
HTTP (or HTTPS) is normally made up of three or four components:
Stands
for "Uniform Resource Locator". A URL is the address of a specific
Web site or file on the Internet. A URL is used when a Web client makes a
request to a server for a resource. A URL for HTTP (or HTTPS) is normally made
up of three or four components:
1.
A scheme. The scheme identifies the protocol
to be used to access the resource on the Internet. It can be HTTP (without SSL)
or HTTPS (with SSL).
2.
A host. The host name identifies the host that
holds the resource. For example, www.example.com.
Host names can also be
followed by a port number. Well-known port numbers for a service are normally
omitted from the URL. Most servers use the well-known port numbers for HTTP and
HTTPS , so most HTTP URLs omit the port number.
3.
A path. The path identifies the specific
resource within the host that the Web client wants to access.
4.
A query string. If a query string is used, it
follows the path component, and provides a string of information that the
resource can use for some purpose (for example, as parameters for a search or
as data to be processed). The query string is usually a string of name and
value pairs, for example, q=bluebird.
6. In the context
of data transmission, what is “error detection”?
Error Detection= is a method that allows communication errors to be
detected. The data is encoded so that the encoded data contains the additional
information about the data. The data is the decoded so that its information
matches the original allowing erorrs to be detected.
7. Why would error detection be important for the
internet. To
enhance the reliability of data storage.
8. Name and explain one common method
of error detection. Parity Bit= This is a bit that is attached to a bit stream
to make the total number of "1" bits in a given set of bits always
even or odd. E.g. send specific sequence of ones and zeros and then count the
number ones that have been sent and send an extra 1. If the counts of ones is
an odd, adding the extra number makes it an even. The receiver can coutn up the
number of one bits they received , perform the same calculations and if the
result is not even, they will know that an error occured.
9. What is HTML and explain why it is important. HTML stands for Hyper Text Markup Language; HTML is not a programming language, it
is a markup language. HTML is what formats web pages. It is used in conjunction
with JavaScript and CSS to make the page you see. It is used to format the
text, layout, images, links, etc. The combination of these three elements has
come to be known as XHTML
